The maximum oxidation state shown by V(Z = 23), Cr(Z = 24), Co(Z = 27), Sc(Z = 21) are respectively :
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Electron configuration of V is [Ar] 3d 3 4s 2 and thus maximum 5 electrons participate in bonding.
Electron configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d 5 4s 1 and thus maximum 6 electrons participate in bonding.
Electron configuration of Co is [Ar] 3d 7 4s 2 . In octahedral splitting in presence of ligands, half filled
has higher CFSE and thus +3 oxidation state is most stable.
Electron configuration of Sc is [Ar] 3d 1 4s 2 and thus maximum 3 electrons participate in bonding
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