migratory flamingoes and resident fish in South American lakes → (IV) Interspecific competition Here, both species depend on the same food resource (zooplankton). They compete for the same resource, so it's interspecific competition.
Abingdon tortoise extinct after goats introduced → (I) Interference competition
Goats directly interfered by eating vegetation that tortoises depended on - this is interference competition, as one species directly affects another's access to the resource.
Chthamalus expands its range in absence of Balanus → (II) Competitive release
When Balanus (a competing barnacle) is removed, Chthamalus spreads more widely. This is a competitive release - the removal of competition allows expansion.
Five species of Warblers feeding in different parts of the same tree → (III) Resource partitioning
Different species coexist by dividing the resource (tree zones). This is a perfect example of resource partitioning.