Habitat loss and fragmentation are considered the most important causes of animal and plant extinction. When a large, continuous habitat is divided into small fragments due to human activities (like building roads or farms), it disrupts the natural ecosystem.

Territory Size: Large animals (mammals and birds) cannot survive in small, isolated pockets because their energy requirements and hunting/foraging needs are high.

Edge Effects: Small fragments have more "edges" exposed to outside influences, which changes the microclimate and increases the risk of predation, further harming the species inside .

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