Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms, cells, or their products, often including genetic engineering, for useful purposes. Its applications include:

• Waste treatment

• Energy production (e.g., biogas, biofuels)

• Genetically modified (GM) crops

Conventional hybridization is a traditional plant/animal breeding method and is not considered a biotechnology application in the modern sense.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────