• Barrier methods of contraception include diaphragms. They protect the cervix and prevent sperm from entering,

• Progestogen-alone or progestogen-and-oestrogen-combined formulations are used as contraceptive pills. They modify the quality of cervical mucus to stop sperm entry, hinder ovulation and implantation, and other processes.

• Intra uterine devices increase the phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.

• Lactational amenorrhoea is a natural method of contraception that is based on the observation that the menstrual cycle and ovulation do not coincide during the period of strong lactation that occurs after delivery.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────