Gymnosperms do not show xerophytic characters: Incorrect. Gymnosperms are well-adapted to extreme environmental conditions. Many exhibit xerophytic features like thick cuticles, sunken stomata, and needle-like leaves to minimize water loss.\

In Cycas coralloid roots are associated with mycorrhiza: Incorrect. Coralloid roots in Cycas are associated with cyanobacteria (blue-green algae like Anabaena or Nostoc) for nitrogen fixation, not mycorrhiza. Mycorrhizal associations are typically found in the roots of Pinus.

In conifers needle like leaves reduce the surface area: Correct. This is a specific adaptation in conifers to reduce water loss from transpiration.

All gymnosperms are heterosporous: Correct. All gymnosperms produce two distinct types of spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female).

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