If mother is Rh-negative, then her immune system will treat Rh-positive fetal cells as a foreign substance. There will be formation of antibodies against the fetal blood cells inside the body of mother. Her antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the red blood cells of the baby. This causes hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. It will lead to anemia that can cause serious complications in the infant, including brain damage and even death.

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