The thallus of Marchantia is dorsiventral and closely appressed to the substrate. The leafy members of liverworts have tiny leaf-like appendages in two rows on the stemlike structures. In liverworts, the gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals. Mosses have an elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal. In Marchantia, male and female sex organs are produced either on the same or different thalli.

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