Which of the following statements is false?
(I) Pyramids of energy and yearly biomass production can never be inverted, since this would violate the laws of thermodynamics.
(II) Pyramids of standing crop and numbers can be inverted, since the amount of organisms at any one time does not indicate the amount of energy flowing through the system.
(III) There are certain limitations of ecological pyramids such as it does not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels.
(IV) Saprophytes are not given any place in ecological pyramids even though they play a vital role in the ecosystem,
Text Solution
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All four statements are true. Energy pyramids are always upright, numbers/biomass pyramids can be inverted, and ecological pyramids have limitations such as ignoring decomposers and species occupying multiple trophic levels.
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