Cortisol is a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism in the body. It is produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. Cortisol is often referred to as the primary stress hormone because its levels increase during periods of physical or psychological stress.
One of the main functions of cortisol is to increase blood glucose levels by promoting glucose production (gluconeogenesis) in the liver. It also inhibits glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, such as muscle and fat cells.