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Published on: August 14, 2026
How many groups are ortho/para director in the electrophilic aromatic substitution?
(i) -NH 2 (ii) -COH
(iii) -N = O (iv) -COOH
(v) -Et (vi) -N = NH 2
(vii) -SO 3 H
(viii) 
(xi) 
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Electrophile attack where the electron density high.which shows +M or +1 effects are ortho/para directing because they increase electron density at ortho and para +M 
, 
, 
The following groups are meta directing 
, 
, - OMe, SO 3 H They decreases electron density at ortho/para so, electrophile attack at meta position.
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