Paragraph for Questions (i) to (iii)

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how precisely we can measure the properties of an electron or other microscopic particle. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how closely we can measure both position and momentum. The more accurately we measure the momentum of a particle, the less accurately we can determine its position. The converse is also true. This is summed up in what we now call the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

The equation is Δ x. Δ (mv) ≥

The uncertainty in the position or in the momentum of a macroscopic object like a baseball is too small to observe. However, the mass of microscopic object such as an electron is small enough for the uncertainty to be relatively large and significant.

(i) If the uncertainties in position and momentum are equal, the uncertainty in the velocity is :