Definition: Resonance may be defined as the phenomenon in which two or more structures involving in identical position of atom, can be written for a particular compound.
Resonance hybrid: It is the actual structure of all different possible structures that can be written for the molecule without violating the rules of covalence maxima for the atoms.
🔾 Bond order = 
e.g., 
Bond order = 
🔾 Resonance energy = Actual bond energy – Energy of most stable resonating structure.
🔾 Stability of molecule α resonance energy.
🔾 More is the number of covalent bonds in molecule more will be its resonance energy.
🔾 Resonance energy α number of resonating structures.
(i) Which is the resonance hybride of sulphate ion :
Text Solution
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(i)
(ii) Bond length ∝ 
Bond order of CO = 3 (as isoelectronic with N 2 )
Bond order = 
Bond order of CO 2 = 
= 2
Bond order of CO 3 2– = 
= 1.33
So, order of bond length of C–O is CO < CO 2 < CO 3 2–
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