Ortho effect is a special type of effect that is shown by o-substituents. This ortho-effect operates at the benzoic acids irrespective of the polar type. Nearly all o-substituted benzoic acid are stronger than benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is a resonance stabilised and so the carboxyl group is coplanar with the ring. An o-substituent tends to prevent this coplanarity.
(i) What is the order of K a of following compounds ?
Ι ΙΙ ΙΙΙ
IV V
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(i) On the basis of electronic effect because ortho effect is common in all the above.
(ii) On the basis of hydrogen bonding because ortho effect is not observed by OH group.
(iii) On the basis of electronic effect and ortho effect
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