(b ) The primary factors driving the decline in migratory bird populations are related to the physical destruction and alteration of their environments

(iv). Fragmentation: When large, continuous natural areas are broken into smaller, isolated patches, it disrupts the migration routes and territories essential for birds with migratory habits.

(v). Loss of habitat: This is widely recognized as the single most significant cause of population decline and extinction for birds. It removes the essential nesting, feeding, and resting sites these birds need to survive their long journeys

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