Fill in the blanks and choose the correct option given below;

(i) PCR stands for .

(ii) Primers used in PCR are small chemically synthesized that are complementary to the regions of DNA.

(iii) The thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR is isolated from bacteria .

(iv) If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, it is called protein.

(v) In a continuous culture system, the used medium is drained out from one side while fresh medium is added from the other to maintain cells in phase.

(vi) are used for large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture and provide optimal conditions for achieving desired product.

(vii) The most commonly used bioreactors are .

(viii) The stirrer in stirred-tank reactor facilitates even mixing and throughout the bioreactor.

(ix) In sparged stirred-tank reactor, sterile air bubble increases area for .

(x) The bioreactors have so that small volumes of the culture can be withdrawn periodically.

(xi) After the biosynthetic stage of fermentation, further process included separation and purification, which are collectively referred to as .

(xii) The palindromic sequence of EcoRI is .