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NEET Syllabus Breakdown

NEET Syllabus for 2025 Physics

NEET Physics Syllabus 2025 covers topics from both Class 11 and 12, focusing on areas such as Physical World and Measurement, Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Oscillations and Waves, Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics. The syllabus is designed to assess conceptual clarity, numerical problem-solving, and practical understanding. Candidates can find the detailed chapter-wise topics in the table below.

Unit	Topics
PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT	Units of measurements, System of Units, SI Units, fundamental and derived units, least count Significant figures, Errors in measurements Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications
KINEMATICS	Frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position-time graph, speed and velocity Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion Velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion
LAWS OF MOTION	Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications
WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER	Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power Potential energy of spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces Motion in a vertical circle: Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions
ROTATIONAL MOTION	Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions
GRAVITATION	Universal law of gravitation, acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth Kepler’s law of planetary motion, gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential Escape velocity, motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS	Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity Pressure due to a fluid column, Pascal's law and its applications, effect of gravity on fluid pressure Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity Bernoulli's principle and its applications Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface Application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat Heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation
THERMODYNAMICS	Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature Heat, work, and internal energy First law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES	Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases Mean free path, Avogadro's number
OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES	Oscillations and periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring - restoring force and force constant Energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period Wave motion: longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of travelling wave Displacement relation for a progressive wave Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats
ELECTROSTATICS	Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution Electric field: due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform field Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications (straight wire, plane sheet, spherical shell) Electric potential: for point charge, dipole, system of charges; potential difference, equipotential surfaces Electrical potential energy of systems, conductors and insulators Dielectrics and electric polarization Capacitors and capacitances; combination of capacitors; parallel plate capacitor with/without dielectric Energy stored in a capacitor
CURRENT ELECTRICITY	Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current Ohm's law. Electrical resistance. V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity and conductivity Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and parallel Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge
MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM	Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel currents Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, effect of temperature on magnetic properties
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS	Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and current Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage Reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance Power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES	Displacement current Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays) Applications of e.m. waves
OPTICS	Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula Total internal reflection and its applications Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact Refraction of light through a prism Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width Coherent sources, and sustained interference of light Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid
DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION	Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation
ATOMS AND NUCLEI	Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect Binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion
ELECTRONIC DEVICES	Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR)
EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS	Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: Vernier calipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method The focal length of: (i) Convex mirror, (ii) Concave mirror, and (iii) Convex lens, using the parallax method The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage Identification of Diode, LED, Resistor, Capacitor from a mixed collection of such items

NEET Syllabus for 2025 Chemistry

NEET Chemistry Syllabus 2025 is divided into Physical, Inorganic, and Organic Chemistry, with topics from Class 11 and 12 NCERT textbooks. It tests conceptual understanding, chemical reactions, equations, and application-based learning, Candidates can find the detailed chapter-wise topics in the table below.

Physical Chemistry

Units	Topics
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY	Matter and its Nature Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules Atomic and molecular masses Mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition and empirical and molecular formula Chemical reactions, stoichiometry
ATOMIC STRUCTURE	Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of relations for energy and radii, limitations Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model and its important features Atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of Ψ and Ψ² with r for 1s and 2s orbitals Quantum numbers: principal, angular momentum, magnetic quantum numbers and their significance Shapes of s, p, and d orbitals; electron spin and spin quantum number Rules for filling electrons - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule Electronic configuration and stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals
CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE	Kossel-Lewis approach to bond formation: ionic and covalent bonds Ionic bonding: Formation and factors affecting ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy Covalent bonding: Electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole moment Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules Valence bond theory: important features and concept of hybridization (s, p, and d orbitals); Resonance Molecular orbital theory: important features, LCAOs, bonding and antibonding orbitals Sigma and pi bonds, molecular orbital configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules Concepts of bond order, bond length, and bond energy Elementary idea of metallic bonding and hydrogen bonding and their applications
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS	Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes The First Law of Thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat, internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity Hess's law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution The Second Law of Thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes: S of the universe and of the system as criteria for spontaneity. Standard Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant.
SOLUTIONS (LIQUID SOLUTIONS)	Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both) The vapor pressure of solutions and Raoult's law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions Vapor pressure - composition plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions Colligative properties of dilute solutions - relative lowering of vapor pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, and osmotic pressure Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties Abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff Factor and its significance
EQUILIBRIUM	Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance Significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium - concentration, pressure, temperature, effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle Ionic equilibrium: weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes Concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis) and their ionization Acid-base equilibria (including multi-stage ionization) and ionization constants Ionization of water, PH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and PH of their solutions Solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions
REDOX REACTION AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY	Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation numbers, rules for assigning oxidation number Balancing of redox reactions Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions Molar conductivities and their variation with concentration, Kohlrausch's law and its applications Electrochemical Cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes Electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions EMF of a Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and its applications Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells
CHEMICAL KINETICS	Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst Elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions Rate law, rate constants and their units Differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives Effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory Activation energy and its calculation Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)

Inorganic Chemistry

Units	Topics
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES	Modern periodic law and present form of periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.
P-BLOCK ELEMENTS	Group 13 to Group 18 Elements General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups Unique behavior of the first element in each group
D- AND F-BLOCK ELEMENTS	Transition Elements General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics General trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, color, catalytic behavior, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation Preparation, properties and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 Inner Transition Elements Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS	Introduction to coordination compounds Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism Bonding - Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory Color and magnetic properties Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems)

Organic Chemistry

Units	Topics
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS	Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, chromatography - principles and their applications Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus Calculations of empirical formula and molecular formulae: Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis
SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)	Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p) Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur Homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC) Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions Stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation Common types of organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement
HYDROCARBONS	Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide effect); Ozonolysis and polymerization Alkynes - Acidic character; Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; Polymerization Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity; Mechanism of substitution: halogenation, nitration Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono-substituted benzene
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS	General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions Nature of C-X bond: Mechanisms of substitution reactions Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN	General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration Phenols - Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation; Reimer-Tiemann reaction Ethers: Structure Aldehydes and Ketones - Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones Important reactions: Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff-Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of α-hydrogen; aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones Carboxylic Acids - Acidic strength and factors affecting it
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN	General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry
BIOMOLECULES	General introduction and importance of biomolecules Carbohydrates - Classification; aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose) Proteins - Elementary idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes Vitamins - Classification and functions Nucleic Acids - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA, biological functions of nucleic acids Hormones (General Introduction)
PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY (PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)	Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds Detection of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones), carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds: Mohr's salt, potash alum Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises - Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic acid vs ... , Mohr's salt vs ... Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+ , Zn2+ , Ni2+ , Ca2+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+ , NH+ Anions- CO2−, S 2- ,SO2−, NO3- , NO2- , Cl- , Br- , I - ( Insoluble salts excluded). Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4 Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature

NEET Syllabus 2026 for Biology

NEET Biology Syllabus 2025 includes topics from Botany and Zoology based on NCERT Class 11 and 12. It covers key concepts like genetics, physiology, ecology, reproduction, and human health, emphasizing conceptual clarity and factual knowledge, Candidates can find the detailed chapter-wise topics in the table below.

Units	Topics
DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD (Diversity in Living Organisms)	What is living?; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category) Salient features and classification of animals - nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples)
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS	Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence - cymose and racemose, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus) Family: Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog) (Brief account only)
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION	Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles - structure and function Endomembrane system - endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function) Nucleus - nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules - structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids Enzymes - types, properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature of enzymes Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY	Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis; pigments involved in photosynthesis (Elementary idea) Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis Respiration: Exchange of gases; Cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic) Energy relations - Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell Growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY	Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans; Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration; Respiratory volumes Disorders related to respiration - Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function Human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity Disorders of circulatory system - Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion - Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism Human excretory system - structure and function; Urine formation, Osmoregulation Regulation of kidney function - Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders - Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular Skeletal muscle - contractile proteins and muscle contraction Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints Disorders of muscular and skeletal system - Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system Generation and conduction of nerve impulse Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones Human endocrine system - Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators Hypo- and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders: Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goitre, Exophthalmic goitre, Diabetes, Addison's disease) (Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief)
REPRODUCTION	Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination - types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization Post fertilization events - Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit Special modes - apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis - spermatogenesis & oogenesis Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea) Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) Birth control - Need and Methods. Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness)
GENETICS AND EVOLUTION	Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism - Incomplete dominance, Codominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes Sex determination - In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance - Haemophilia, Colour blindness Mendelian disorders in humans - Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans - Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation - Lac Operon Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting, protein biosynthesis Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence Darwin's contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution Mechanism of evolution - Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution
BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE	Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm, dengue, chikungunya) Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse, Tobacco abuse Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS	Principles and process of Biotechnology; Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology) Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, Gene therapy Genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; Transgenic Animals Biosafety issues - Biopiracy and patents
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT	Organisms and environment Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism Population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition Energy flow: Pyramids of numbers, biomass, energy Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; patterns of Biodiversity Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation Hotspots; Endangered Organisms; Extinction Red Data Book; Biosphere reserves; National parks and sanctuaries; Sacred Groves

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Download Comprehensive Syllabus of NEET 2025

NEET Syllabus Breakdown

NEET Syllabus for 2025 Physics

NEET Syllabus for 2025 Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

NEET Syllabus 2026 for Biology

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