Published by:
CGP EDU Academic Team
Published on: September 12, 2026
A small disc is on the top of a hemisphere of radius \(\mathcal{R}\) . What is the smallest horizontal velocity v that should be given to the disc for it to leave the hemisphere and not slide down it ? [There is no friction]
Text Solution
Verified by ExpertsThe correct answer is:
D
To determine the smallest horizontal velocity \( v \) required for the disc to leave the hemisphere without sliding down, we can use the concept of centripetal acceleration and forces acting on the disc.
1. **Understanding the Forces:** When the disc is at the top of the hemisphere, the forces acting on it are the gravitational force \( mg \) acting downwards and the normal force \( N \) from the hemisphere acting perpendicular to the surface. For the disc to leave the surface, the normal force must become zero.
2. **Centripetal Force Requirement:** At the point just before the disc loses contact, the only force providing the required centripetal force is the weight component acting towards the center of the hemisphere. For a small angle \( \theta \) at the top, the radial (centripetal) acceleration \( a_c \) is given by \( \frac{v^2}{R} \), where \( R \) is the radius of the hemisphere.
3. **Setting Up the Equation:** Therefore, at the top: \( mg = \frac{mv^2}{R} \). As the mass cancels out, we get:
\[ g = \frac{v^2}{R} \]
or, rearranging gives:
\[ v^2 = gR \]
and taking the square root:
\[ v = \sqrt{gR} \]
4. **Final Calculation:** The disc must have a velocity that provides a centripetal acceleration equal to the gravitational force acting downwards when it is at the top of the hemisphere. Hence, the required minimum horizontal velocity is given by the equation derived above.
Therefore, Option D, which is \( v = \sqrt{gR} \), is the correct answer.
1. **Understanding the Forces:** When the disc is at the top of the hemisphere, the forces acting on it are the gravitational force \( mg \) acting downwards and the normal force \( N \) from the hemisphere acting perpendicular to the surface. For the disc to leave the surface, the normal force must become zero.
2. **Centripetal Force Requirement:** At the point just before the disc loses contact, the only force providing the required centripetal force is the weight component acting towards the center of the hemisphere. For a small angle \( \theta \) at the top, the radial (centripetal) acceleration \( a_c \) is given by \( \frac{v^2}{R} \), where \( R \) is the radius of the hemisphere.
3. **Setting Up the Equation:** Therefore, at the top: \( mg = \frac{mv^2}{R} \). As the mass cancels out, we get:
\[ g = \frac{v^2}{R} \]
or, rearranging gives:
\[ v^2 = gR \]
and taking the square root:
\[ v = \sqrt{gR} \]
4. **Final Calculation:** The disc must have a velocity that provides a centripetal acceleration equal to the gravitational force acting downwards when it is at the top of the hemisphere. Hence, the required minimum horizontal velocity is given by the equation derived above.
Therefore, Option D, which is \( v = \sqrt{gR} \), is the correct answer.
Prepare Smarter with CGP Edu
Get practice questions, solutions, and test series in one place.
Write a Review
Share your experience with this question and solution.
Commentary
Send your comment, doubt, correction, or feedback to admin.
Similar Questions
Explore conceptually related problems
In a circus stuntman rides a motorbike in a circular track of radius R in the vertical plane. The m…
A block of mass m at the end of a string is whirled round in a vertical circle of radius R. The cri…
A sphere is suspended by a thread of length l. What minimum horizontal velocity has to be imparted …
A bottle of soda water is grasped by the neck and swing briskly in a vertical circle. Near which po…
A bucket tied at the end of a 1.6 m long string is whirled in a vertical circle with constant speed…
A wheel is subjected to uniform angular acceleration about its axis. Initially its angular velocity…