D

The Rutherford α-particle experiment demonstrated that most α-particles passed through the gold foil with little to no deflection, indicating that the atom is mostly empty space (Option A). Meanwhile, the deflection of some α-particles at large angles suggested the presence of a small, dense core, or nucleus, where the mass of the atom is concentrated (Option B). Additionally, the positive scattering of α-particles implies that the nucleus is positively charged, as α-particles are themselves positively charged and would be repelled by a positive nucleus (Option C). Since all these points are supported by the findings of the experiment, the correct answer is Option D: All the above.