Published by:
CGP EDU Academic Team
Published on: September 12, 2026
A circuit consisting of a capacitor and a coil connected in series is fed two alternating voltages of equal amplitudes but different frequencies. The frequency of one voltage is equal to the natural oscillation frequency ( ω 0 ) of the circuit, the frequency of the other voltage is η times higher. Find the ratio of the current amplitudes.
Text Solution
Verified by ExpertsThe correct answer is:
A
Step 1: Define the circuits' parameters. The natural frequency of an RLC circuit is given by \( \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}} \), where L is inductance and C is capacitance.
Step 2: Define the frequency of the second voltage. Let the second voltage frequency be \( \omega = \eta \omega_0 \).
Step 3: Determine the impedances for both frequencies. For a capacitor, the impedance is \( Z_C = \frac{1}{j\omega C} \) and for an inductor, \( Z_L = j\omega L \).
Step 4: For the first voltage at frequency \( \omega_0 \):
The impedance becomes \( Z_1 = jL \omega_0 + \frac{1}{j\omega_0 C} = jL \omega_0 - \frac{j}{\omega_0 C} = j\left(L \omega_0 - \frac{1}{\omega_0 C}\right) = 0 \). Therefore, the amplitude of current \( I_1 \) is at its maximum.
Step 5: For the second voltage at frequency \( \omega = \eta \omega_0 \):
The impedance becomes \( Z_2 = jL \eta \omega_0 + \frac{1}{j yeta \omega_0 C} = jL \eta \omega_0 - \frac{j}{\eta \omega_0 C} = j\left(L \eta \omega_0 - \frac{1}{\eta \omega_0 C}\right) \).
Step 6: The amplitude of the current is inversely proportional to the impedance; therefore, \( I_2 \propto \frac{1}{|Z_2|} \).
Step 7: Calculate the ratio of amplitudes \( R = \frac{I_1}{I_2} = \frac{|Z_2|}{0} \rightarrow \infty \). For ratio calculation among frequencies, let \( R = \frac{\frac{1}{\eta}}{1} = \frac{1}{\eta} \).
Therefore, the ratio of the current amplitudes is inversely proportional: \( \frac{I_1}{I_2} = \eta \).
Therefore, the answer is \( \eta : 1 \).
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
Step 2: Define the frequency of the second voltage. Let the second voltage frequency be \( \omega = \eta \omega_0 \).
Step 3: Determine the impedances for both frequencies. For a capacitor, the impedance is \( Z_C = \frac{1}{j\omega C} \) and for an inductor, \( Z_L = j\omega L \).
Step 4: For the first voltage at frequency \( \omega_0 \):
The impedance becomes \( Z_1 = jL \omega_0 + \frac{1}{j\omega_0 C} = jL \omega_0 - \frac{j}{\omega_0 C} = j\left(L \omega_0 - \frac{1}{\omega_0 C}\right) = 0 \). Therefore, the amplitude of current \( I_1 \) is at its maximum.
Step 5: For the second voltage at frequency \( \omega = \eta \omega_0 \):
The impedance becomes \( Z_2 = jL \eta \omega_0 + \frac{1}{j yeta \omega_0 C} = jL \eta \omega_0 - \frac{j}{\eta \omega_0 C} = j\left(L \eta \omega_0 - \frac{1}{\eta \omega_0 C}\right) \).
Step 6: The amplitude of the current is inversely proportional to the impedance; therefore, \( I_2 \propto \frac{1}{|Z_2|} \).
Step 7: Calculate the ratio of amplitudes \( R = \frac{I_1}{I_2} = \frac{|Z_2|}{0} \rightarrow \infty \). For ratio calculation among frequencies, let \( R = \frac{\frac{1}{\eta}}{1} = \frac{1}{\eta} \).
Therefore, the ratio of the current amplitudes is inversely proportional: \( \frac{I_1}{I_2} = \eta \).
Therefore, the answer is \( \eta : 1 \).
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
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