A

Step 1: Understand the concept of weight in a gravitational field. The weight of an object is the force exerted on it due to gravity, calculated as $W = mg$, where $m$ is mass and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.

Step 2: In an artificial satellite, the astronaut is in a state of free fall, as the satellite and everything inside it are orbiting the Earth. This creates a condition known as 'microgravity.' Although gravity is still acting on the astronaut, they do not experience any normal force acting on them, which is what we perceive as weight.

Step 3: Therefore, the effective weight of the astronaut in the satellite is perceived as zero because they are in a continuous state of free fall.

Conclusion: The effective weight of the astronaut in the satellite is zero.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.