Home Physics Thermometry, Thermal Expansion and Calorimetry Thermal Expansion What should be the sum of lengths of an alum…
Physics Thermometry, Thermal Expansion and Calorimetry Thermal Expansion Subjective Type
Published on: September 12, 2026

What should be the sum of lengths of an aluminium and steel rod at 0 o C is, so that at all temperatures their difference in length is 0.25m. (Take coefficient of linear expansion for aluminium and steel at 0 o C as 22 × 10 -6 / o C and 11 × 10 -6 / o C respectively.)

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Let the length of the aluminium rod be L_a and the length of the steel rod be L_s at 0 °C.
The change in length for the aluminium rod when temperature changes by T degrees can be given as:
\( \Delta L_a = L_a \cdot \alpha_a \cdot T \)
where \( \alpha_a = 22 \times 10^{-6} / ^\circ C \) (coefficient of linear expansion for aluminium).

Similarly, for the steel rod:
\( \Delta L_s = L_s \cdot \alpha_s \cdot T \)
where \( \alpha_s = 11 \times 10^{-6} / ^\circ C \) (coefficient of linear expansion for steel).

The difference in length between the two rods at any temperature T is:
\( \Delta L = \Delta L_a - \Delta L_s = (L_a \cdot \alpha_a - L_s \cdot \alpha_s) \cdot T \)
We want this difference in length to be constant and equal to 0.25 m at all temperatures, which implies:
\( L_a \cdot \alpha_a - L_s \cdot \alpha_s = \frac{0.25}{T} \)
For this equation to hold true at all temperatures T, we need the coefficients of T to cancel out, which gives:
\( L_a \cdot \alpha_a = L_s \cdot \alpha_s \)
Hence:
\( \frac{L_a}{L_s} = \frac{\alpha_s}{\alpha_a} = \frac{11 \times 10^{-6}}{22 \times 10^{-6}} = \frac{1}{2} \)
Therefore, we can say \( L_a = \frac{1}{2}L_s \). Let L_s = 2L_a.
The total length is L_a + L_s = L_a + 2L_a = 3L_a.
Since L_a is in terms of L_s, we can express:
Total length = 3L_a = 3 \cdot \frac{L_s}{2} = \frac{3}{2}L_s
Hence, we can choose any value for L_a and L_s satisfying this ratio to maintain that the difference remains 0.25m.
Therefore, the sum of the lengths of aluminium and steel rods can be expressed in multiples of L_a and L_s as a constant based on this calculation.

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