Sol. In each case E.M.F. = 10 V

For case , battery is providing current to the circuit hence acting as source.

For case battery is taking current from external source, hence acting as a load.

For case V A = E – ir = 10 – 1 × 1 = 9 V

For case V B = E + ir = 10 + 1 × 1 = 11 V

For case P A = V A i = 9 × 1 = 9 W

For case P B = V B i = 11 × 1 = 11 W

(e) For case = i A 2 r A = 2 × 1 = 1 W

For case = i B 2 r B = 2 × 1 = 1 W

(f) For case P A = E A i = 10 × 1 = 10 W

For case P B = E B i = 10 × 1 = 10 W

(g) For case V Box = V A = 9 V

For case V Box = V B = 11 V

(h) For case P Box = – 9 × 1 = – 9 W

For case P Box = 11 × 1 = 11 W