Published by:
CGP EDU Academic Team
Published on: September 12, 2026
It is well known that a raindrop or a small pebble falls under the influence of the downward gravitational force and the opposing resistive force. The resistive force is known to be proportional to the speed of the drop. Consider a drop or small pebble of 1 g falling (from rest) from a cliff of height 1.00 km. It hits the ground with a speed of 50.0 m s –1 . What is the work done by the unknown resistive force?
Text Solution
Verified by ExpertsThe correct answer is:
A
Step 1: Calculate the gravitational potential energy (PE) at the height of 1 km (1000 m).
Using the formula for gravitational potential energy:
$$ PE = mgh $$
where
- $m = 0.001$ kg (mass of the drop),
- $g = 9.81$ m/s$^2$ (acceleration due to gravity),
- $h = 1000$ m (height).
Substituting the values:
$$ PE = 0.001 imes 9.81 imes 1000 = 9.81 ext{ J} $$
Step 2: Calculate the kinetic energy (KE) just before it hits the ground.
Using the formula for kinetic energy:
$$ KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 $$
where
- $v = 50.0$ m/s (velocity just before impact).
Substituting the values:
$$ KE = \frac{1}{2} imes 0.001 imes (50.0)^2 = 1.25 ext{ J} $$
Step 3: Use the work-energy principle to find the work done by the resistive force (W_resistive).
The work done by the resistive force can be found by the difference in potential energy and kinetic energy:
$$ W_{resistive} = PE - KE $$
Substituting the values:
$$ W_{resistive} = 9.81 - 1.25 = 8.56 ext{ J} $$
Therefore, the work done by the unknown resistive force is approximately 8.56 J.
Using the formula for gravitational potential energy:
$$ PE = mgh $$
where
- $m = 0.001$ kg (mass of the drop),
- $g = 9.81$ m/s$^2$ (acceleration due to gravity),
- $h = 1000$ m (height).
Substituting the values:
$$ PE = 0.001 imes 9.81 imes 1000 = 9.81 ext{ J} $$
Step 2: Calculate the kinetic energy (KE) just before it hits the ground.
Using the formula for kinetic energy:
$$ KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 $$
where
- $v = 50.0$ m/s (velocity just before impact).
Substituting the values:
$$ KE = \frac{1}{2} imes 0.001 imes (50.0)^2 = 1.25 ext{ J} $$
Step 3: Use the work-energy principle to find the work done by the resistive force (W_resistive).
The work done by the resistive force can be found by the difference in potential energy and kinetic energy:
$$ W_{resistive} = PE - KE $$
Substituting the values:
$$ W_{resistive} = 9.81 - 1.25 = 8.56 ext{ J} $$
Therefore, the work done by the unknown resistive force is approximately 8.56 J.
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