A stream of water flowing horizontally with a speed of 15 ms -1 gushes out of a tube of cross-sectional area 10 -2 m 2 and hits a vertical wall nearby. The force exerted on the wall by the impact of water (assuming it does not rebound) is
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If the velocity of the stream be v (say). In 1 second , the distance travelled = v.
The volume of water hitting the wall per second, V = va
Where, a is the cross-sectional area
V = 15 m/s x 10 -2 m 2
[ 
Given, v = 15 m/s, a = 10 -2 m 2 ]
V = 15 x 10 -2 m 3 /s
Mass of water hitting the wall per second,
m = volume x Density
= 15 x 10 -2 x 10 3
=150 kg/s
[ 
Density of water = 1000 kg /m 3 ]
Initial momentum of the water hitting the wall per second = m x v
= 150 x 15
= 2250 kg m/s 2
= 2250N
Final momentum per second = 0
Force exerted on the wall = Change in the momentum of water stream per second
= 2250 N
= 2.25 x 10 3 N
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