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CGP EDU Academic Team
Published on: September 12, 2026
A simple pendulum oscillates in vertical plane. When it passes through the mean position, the tension in the string is 3 times the weight of the pendulum bob. What is the maximum displacement of the pendulum of the string with respect to the vertical.
Text Solution
Verified by ExpertsThe correct answer is:
B
Step 1: Analyze the forces acting on the pendulum bob at the mean position.
At the lowest point (mean position), the forces acting on the pendulum bob are:
1. Gravitational force (weight) acting downward: $W = mg$
2. Tension in the string ($T$) acting upward.
Given that the tension is 3 times the weight, we have:
$$T = 3W = 3mg$$
Step 2: Apply the centripetal force requirement at the mean position.
At the lowest point, the net force must equal the centripetal force required for circular motion:
$$T - W = \frac{mv^2}{L}$$
where $v$ is the speed of the pendulum bob and $L$ is the length of the pendulum.
So we write:
$$3mg - mg = \frac{mv^2}{L}$$
Simplifying gives:
$$2mg = \frac{mv^2}{L}$$
Cancelling $m$ (as long as $m \neq 0$) results in:
$$2gL = v^2$$
Hence, the speed at the mean position is: $v = \sqrt{2gL}$
Step 3: Use conservation of mechanical energy to find maximum displacement.
At maximum displacement (height $h$), all kinetic energy is converted to potential energy:
$$\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = mgh$$
Substituting for $v$ gives:
$$\frac{1}{2}m(2gL) = mgh$$
Cancelling $m$ from both sides results in:
$$gL = gh$$
This gives:
$$h = L$$
Since the maximum displacement relates to the vertical height ($h$) displaced, we look for the angle $ heta$:
$$\cos \theta = \frac{L - h}{L} = 0$$
This means $ heta = 90^\circ$.
The maximum displacement occurs when the pendulum swings to the point directly horizontal to the pivot point, across from the mean position.
The angle of maximum displacement is thus: $90^\circ$. Hence the correct angle, corresponding to displacement, is given by option B.
At the lowest point (mean position), the forces acting on the pendulum bob are:
1. Gravitational force (weight) acting downward: $W = mg$
2. Tension in the string ($T$) acting upward.
Given that the tension is 3 times the weight, we have:
$$T = 3W = 3mg$$
Step 2: Apply the centripetal force requirement at the mean position.
At the lowest point, the net force must equal the centripetal force required for circular motion:
$$T - W = \frac{mv^2}{L}$$
where $v$ is the speed of the pendulum bob and $L$ is the length of the pendulum.
So we write:
$$3mg - mg = \frac{mv^2}{L}$$
Simplifying gives:
$$2mg = \frac{mv^2}{L}$$
Cancelling $m$ (as long as $m \neq 0$) results in:
$$2gL = v^2$$
Hence, the speed at the mean position is: $v = \sqrt{2gL}$
Step 3: Use conservation of mechanical energy to find maximum displacement.
At maximum displacement (height $h$), all kinetic energy is converted to potential energy:
$$\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = mgh$$
Substituting for $v$ gives:
$$\frac{1}{2}m(2gL) = mgh$$
Cancelling $m$ from both sides results in:
$$gL = gh$$
This gives:
$$h = L$$
Since the maximum displacement relates to the vertical height ($h$) displaced, we look for the angle $ heta$:
$$\cos \theta = \frac{L - h}{L} = 0$$
This means $ heta = 90^\circ$.
The maximum displacement occurs when the pendulum swings to the point directly horizontal to the pivot point, across from the mean position.
The angle of maximum displacement is thus: $90^\circ$. Hence the correct angle, corresponding to displacement, is given by option B.
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