Published by:
CGP EDU Academic Team
Published on: September 12, 2026
A Newtonian fluid fills the gap between a shaft and a concentric sleeve. When a force of 788 N is applied to the sleeve parallel to the shaft, the sleeve attains a speed of 2 m/s. If a 1400-N force is applied, what speed will the sleeve attain? The temperature of the sleeve remains constant.
Text Solution
Verified by ExpertsThe correct answer is:
B
Step 1: According to the principles of fluid mechanics, the relationship between shear stress ($\tau$) and shear rate ($\dot{\gamma}$) for a Newtonian fluid is given by: $\tau = \mu \dot{\gamma}$, where $\mu$ is the dynamic viscosity.
Step 2: The shear stress ($\tau$) can be defined as: $\tau = \frac{F}{A}$, where $F$ is the force applied and $A$ is the area over which it is applied.
Step 3: The shear rate ($\dot{\gamma}$) is defined as the velocity gradient. In our case, since the sleeve attains a speed of 2 m/s with a force of 788 N, the following relation holds true:
$$\dot{\gamma_1} = \frac{v}{d} = \frac{2}{d}$$ for force $F_1 = 788$ N.
Step 4: Let’s denote the new applied force as $F_2 = 1400$ N. We can write the relationship of shear stress for the two cases as:
$\frac{F_2}{A} = \mu \dot{\gamma_2}$
Given that the temperature remains constant, viscosity $\mu$ does not change.
Step 5: The velocities attained will therefore be related by:
$$\frac{788}{F_2} = \frac{\dot{\gamma_1}}{\dot{\gamma_2}}$$ where $\dot{\gamma_2} = \frac{v_2}{d}$$.
Step 6: Solving for $v_2$ when $F_2 = 1400$ N:
$$\frac{788}{1400} = \frac{2/d}{v_2/d}$$ This simplifies to:
$$v_2 = 2 \times \frac{1400}{788}$$.
Step 7: Calculating $v_2$:
$$v_2 = 2 \times 1.778 = 3.556\, m/s$$.
Rounding this, the speed of the sleeve would be approximately 3.56 m/s. Thus, the correct answer choice considering the options should be B.
Step 2: The shear stress ($\tau$) can be defined as: $\tau = \frac{F}{A}$, where $F$ is the force applied and $A$ is the area over which it is applied.
Step 3: The shear rate ($\dot{\gamma}$) is defined as the velocity gradient. In our case, since the sleeve attains a speed of 2 m/s with a force of 788 N, the following relation holds true:
$$\dot{\gamma_1} = \frac{v}{d} = \frac{2}{d}$$ for force $F_1 = 788$ N.
Step 4: Let’s denote the new applied force as $F_2 = 1400$ N. We can write the relationship of shear stress for the two cases as:
$\frac{F_2}{A} = \mu \dot{\gamma_2}$
Given that the temperature remains constant, viscosity $\mu$ does not change.
Step 5: The velocities attained will therefore be related by:
$$\frac{788}{F_2} = \frac{\dot{\gamma_1}}{\dot{\gamma_2}}$$ where $\dot{\gamma_2} = \frac{v_2}{d}$$.
Step 6: Solving for $v_2$ when $F_2 = 1400$ N:
$$\frac{788}{1400} = \frac{2/d}{v_2/d}$$ This simplifies to:
$$v_2 = 2 \times \frac{1400}{788}$$.
Step 7: Calculating $v_2$:
$$v_2 = 2 \times 1.778 = 3.556\, m/s$$.
Rounding this, the speed of the sleeve would be approximately 3.56 m/s. Thus, the correct answer choice considering the options should be B.
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