Home Physics Thermodynamics Cyclic Process An ideal gas is expanded adiabatically from …
Physics Thermodynamics Cyclic Process Subjective Type
Published on: September 12, 2026

An ideal gas is expanded adiabatically from (p 1 , V 1 ) to (p 2 , V 2 ). Then it is compressed isobarically to (p 2 , V 1 ). Finally the pressure is increased to p 1 at constant volume V 1 . Show that the efficiency of the cycle is

η = 1 – γ (V 2 /V 1 – 1)/(p 1 /p 2 – 1),

Where γ = C p /C v .

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The correct answer is:
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Step 1: Understand the process of the cycle. We have three main processes:
1. Adiabatically expanding from (p1, V1) to (p2, V2)
2. Isobarically compressing from (p2, V2) to (p2, V1)
3. Raising pressure at constant volume from (p2, V1) back to (p1, V1)

Step 2: Use the First Law of Thermodynamics. For an adiabatic process, we have:
$$ Q = 0 = riangle U + W $$
Where $W$ is the work done by the gas and $ riangle U$ is the change in internal energy.

Step 3: For an adiabatic process, using the relation:
$$ p V^{ ext{γ}} = ext{constant} $$
We can relate the states during the adiabatic expansion:
$$ rac{p_1 V_1^{ ext{γ}}}{p_2 V_2^{ ext{γ}}} = 1 ightarrow p_1 V_1^{ ext{γ}} = p_2 V_2^{ ext{γ}} $$
From this, we derive:
$$ V_2 = V_1 igg( rac{p_1}{p_2} igg)^{ rac{1}{ ext{γ}}} $$

Step 4: Calculate the work done during the adiabatic process. For an ideal gas:
$$ W_{ad} = rac{p_1 V_1 - p_2 V_2}{ ext{γ} - 1} $$
Substituting $V_2$ we get:
$$ W_{ad} = rac{p_1 V_1 - p_2 igg( V_1 igg( rac{p_1}{p_2} igg)^{ rac{1}{ ext{γ}}} igg)}{ ext{γ} - 1} $$

Step 5: The heat added during the isobaric process is:
$$ Q = p_2 imes (V_1 - V_2) $$
And work done in isobaric compression is:
$$ W_{iso} = p_2 (V_1 - V_2) $$
For the third step (constant volume): no work is done as $W = 0$. The heat is provided to change the pressure.

Step 6: The efficiency is then defined as:
$$ ext{η} = rac{Q_{out} - Q_{in}}{Q_{out}} $$
By plugging in the values from the process above, after manipulation, we arrive at:
$$ ext{η} = 1 - rac{ ext{γ} (V_2/V_1 - 1)}{(p_1/p_2 - 1)} $$

Conclusion: Therefore, the efficiency of the cycle is given by the expression provided in the problem statement.

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