Assuming the sun to have a spherical outer surface of radius r, radiating like a black body at temperature t°C, the power received by a unit surface, (normal to the incident rays) at a distance R from the center of the sun is (considering solar constant to be uniform)
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From Stefan’s law., the rate at which energy is radiated by sun at its surface is
p = σ × 4 π r 2 T 4
[Sun is a perfectly black body as it emits radiations of all wavelengths and so for it e = 1] The intensely of
this power at earth’s surface (under the assumption R >>r 0 ) is
I = 
= 
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