Physics Work, Energy, Power and Collision Work Done by Constant and Variable Force Subjective Type
Published on: September 12, 2026

A chain of length λ and mass m is slowly pulled at constant speed up over the edge of a table by a force parallel to the surface of the table. Assuming that there is no friction between the table and chain, calculate the work done by force till the chain reaches to the horizontal surface of the table.

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Verified by Experts
The correct answer is:
A
Step 1: Understand the problem. We have a chain of length λ and mass m being pulled up over the edge of a table. Only a portion of the chain will hang off the edge during the process.

Step 2: Calculate the weight of the hanging portion. As the chain is pulled up, if a length x of the chain is hanging off the edge, the mass of the hanging portion is given by the equation:
$$ m_{hanging} = m \cdot \frac{x}{\lambda} $$

Step 3: Calculate the force acting on the hanging portion due to gravity. The gravitational force on the hanging portion is:
$$ F_{gravity} = m_{hanging} \cdot g = \left(m \cdot \frac{x}{\lambda}\right) g $$

Step 4: As the chain is pulled at a constant speed, the pulling force (F) should balance the weight of the hanging chain.

Step 5: Work is defined as the force times the distance. In this case, since we're raising the chain, the total work done, W, to pull the whole chain length λ upwards is:
$$ W = F \cdot d $$
where F is the force needed to lift the entire weight of the chain and d is the distance moved, which equals the total length of the chain, λ.

Step 6: Calculate the total weight of the chain. The force needed to lift the entire chain is:
$$ F = m \cdot g $$

Step 7: Therefore, the work done in pulling the entire length of the chain up to the table is:
$$ W = (m \cdot g) \cdot \lambda $$

Thus, the work done by the force till the chain reaches the horizontal surface of the table is \( m g \lambda \).

Therefore, the answer is option A.

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