A voltage regulating circuit consisting of Zener diode, having break-down voltage of 10 V and maximum power dissipation of 0.4 W , is operated at 15 V . The approximate value of protective resistance in this circuit is 
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The maximum current through the Zener diode is determined by its maximum power dissipation:
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The protective series resistance must limit the current such that the Zener operates safely. Using Ohm's law across the series resistance and Zener when the Zener carries maximum current:
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