Two thin convex lenses of focal lengths f 1 and f 2 are separated by a horizontal distance d (d < f 1 and d < f 2 ) and their centres are displaced by a vertical separation Δ as shown in Fig. Taking the origin of coordinates O at the centre of first lens, what would be the x and y-coordinates of the focal point of this lens system for a parallel beam of rays coming from left?

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Sol. The parallel rays will be focused at the focal point of the lens. The first image lies at I, at a distance f 1 from the origin. This image I 1 will act as an object for refraction through the second lens. The object distance for the second lens, u = (f 1 – d).

From lens equation,
–
= 
v = 
Hence, the x-coordinate of final image I 2 is
x = d + v =
= 
Image an arrow tip is at f 1 ; its image from lens f 1 is the final image.
Magnification, m =
=
= 
I 2 =
Δ =
Δ
Thus y-coordinate of tip of I 2
Δ – I 2 = Δ 
= 
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