Consider an idealized sun and earth, both black bodies, in otherwise empty flat space. The sun is at 3 temperature of T S = 6000 K and heat transfer by oceans and atmosphere on the earth is so effective as to keep the earth's surface temperature uniform. The radius of the earth is R E = 6 × 10 5 cm, the radius of the sun is R S = 7 × 10 10 cm, and the earth-sun distance is d = 1.5 × 10 13 cm.
Text Solution
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The radiation received per second by the earth from the sun is approximately
The radiation per second from the earth itself is
Neglecting the earth's own heat sources, energy conservation leads to the relation 
, so that
i.e., 
.
The angles subtended by the earth in respect of the sun and by the sun in respect of the earth are very small, so the radiation force is
As 
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