Published by:
CGP EDU Academic Team
Published on: September 12, 2026
Figure shows a 2.0 V potentiometer used for the determination of internal resistance of 1.5 V cell. The balance point of the cell without 9.5 Ω Ω in the external circuit is 70 cm. When a resistor of 9.5 Ω Ω is used in the external circuit of the cell, the balance point shifts to 60 cm length of the potentiometer wire. Determine the internal resistance of the secondary cell.

Text Solution
Verified by ExpertsThe correct answer is:
B
Step 1: Understand the potentiometer arrangement. The potentiometer wire is 100 cm long, with the balance point lengths given as follows:
- Without resistor: 70 cm
- With 9.5 Ω resistor: 60 cm
Step 2: Calculate the potential drop across the potentiometer for both scenarios. The total voltage (V) across the potentiometer wire is 2.0 V, giving a uniform potential drop along the wire. The potential drop can be calculated using the formula \( V = k \cdot L \) where k is the potential gradient.
Step 3: Determine k:
- Without the resistor: \( k = \frac{2.0 \text{ V}}{100 \text{ cm}} = 0.02 \text{ V/cm} \)
- With the 9.5 Ω resistor: \( k = \frac{V}{60} \text{ cm} \)
Hence, total current flowing through the circuit is given as \( I = \frac{1.5 \text{ V}}{R_{internal} + 9.5} \)
Step 4: Set up equations for potential drops:
The potential difference across the internal resistance will also be \( 1.5 \text{ V} = k \cdot 70 ext{ cm} \) for the first case and \( I (R_{internal}) = k \cdot 60 ext{ cm} \) for the second case.
Step 5: Equate and solve using calculations:
\( 1.5 = 0.02 \cdot 70 \Rightarrow 1.5 = 1.4 + I(R_{internal}) \Rightarrow I(R_{internal}) = 1.5 - 1.4 \Rightarrow I(R_{internal}) = 0.1\) .
Step 6: Substitute the current: \( I = \frac{1.5}{R_{internal} + 9.5} \Rightarrow 0.1 = \frac{1.5}{R_{internal} + 9.5} \Rightarrow 0.1(R_{internal} + 9.5) = 1.5\Rightarrow R_{internal} + 9.5 = 15 \Rightarrow R_{internal} = 5.5\).
Therefore, the internal resistance of the cell is 5.5 Ω which corresponds to option B.
- Without resistor: 70 cm
- With 9.5 Ω resistor: 60 cm
Step 2: Calculate the potential drop across the potentiometer for both scenarios. The total voltage (V) across the potentiometer wire is 2.0 V, giving a uniform potential drop along the wire. The potential drop can be calculated using the formula \( V = k \cdot L \) where k is the potential gradient.
Step 3: Determine k:
- Without the resistor: \( k = \frac{2.0 \text{ V}}{100 \text{ cm}} = 0.02 \text{ V/cm} \)
- With the 9.5 Ω resistor: \( k = \frac{V}{60} \text{ cm} \)
Hence, total current flowing through the circuit is given as \( I = \frac{1.5 \text{ V}}{R_{internal} + 9.5} \)
Step 4: Set up equations for potential drops:
The potential difference across the internal resistance will also be \( 1.5 \text{ V} = k \cdot 70 ext{ cm} \) for the first case and \( I (R_{internal}) = k \cdot 60 ext{ cm} \) for the second case.
Step 5: Equate and solve using calculations:
\( 1.5 = 0.02 \cdot 70 \Rightarrow 1.5 = 1.4 + I(R_{internal}) \Rightarrow I(R_{internal}) = 1.5 - 1.4 \Rightarrow I(R_{internal}) = 0.1\) .
Step 6: Substitute the current: \( I = \frac{1.5}{R_{internal} + 9.5} \Rightarrow 0.1 = \frac{1.5}{R_{internal} + 9.5} \Rightarrow 0.1(R_{internal} + 9.5) = 1.5\Rightarrow R_{internal} + 9.5 = 15 \Rightarrow R_{internal} = 5.5\).
Therefore, the internal resistance of the cell is 5.5 Ω which corresponds to option B.
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